ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Polyelectrolyte Complex/MMT Hybrid for SPI/WE Adhesives with Balanced Flame Retardancy and Shear Strength.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Soybean protein isolate (SPI) adhesives are eco-friendly but suffer from poor water resistance and bonding strength. Waterborne epoxy (WE) can effectively improve these properties; however, WE-modified SPI adhesives can hardly satisfy the growing stringent flame-retardant demands for plywood. Herein, we report a composite adhesive (SPI/20WE/THPS@CS/MMT) that simultaneously exhibits favorable flame retardancy and dry and wet shear strengths. In this system, a phosphorus-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing polyelectrolyte complex (THPS@CS) is fabricated by vacuum-drying an ionically crosslinked polyelectrolyte hydrogel derived from bis[tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate (THPS) and chitosan (CS) and subsequently incorporated into the SPI/WE matrix (SPI/20WE) together with montmorillonite (MMT). The plywood bonded with SPI/20WE/THPS@CS/MMT achieves a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.0% and shows significantly reduced heat release in cone calorimeter tests. Meanwhile, the resultant plywood possesses high dry and wet shear strengths that fulfill the interior-use plywood criteria specified in GB/T 9846-2015. This work offers new insights into the design and fabrication of high-performance eco-friendly plywood adhesives.
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