ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026
A Low-Polymer High-Temperature Water-Based Fracturing Gel Enabled by a Dual-Ligand Organic Zirconium Crosslinker: An Experimental Study.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This experimental study aimed to develop and evaluate a low-polymer, high-temperature water-based fracturing gel using a dual-ligand organic zirconium crosslinker regulated by sodium lactate and ethylene glycol. The crosslinker was selected by ligand screening and single-factor optimization using the apparent viscosity of LX641 gels as the primary response, and was characterized by FTIR and electron microscopy. Gelation, salt response, high-temperature shear rheology, oscillatory and steady-shear behavior, static fluid loss, gel breaking, proppant suspension, and core-permeability damage were then evaluated. The selected zirconium oxychloride octahydrate/sodium lactate/ethylene glycol/water/NaOH mass ratio was 10:6:4:15:1.2, with synthesis at 55 °C, pH 7, for 4 h. A 0.2 wt.% LX641 gel at a base-fluid/crosslinker-solution volume ratio of 100:0.5 retained an apparent viscosity of 246.84 mPa·s at 100 min after heating to 190 °C within 25 min and shearing at 190 °C for the remaining 75 min at 170 s
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