The Free Energy Principle and Free Markets.

Karl Friston, Johan Medrano, Tim Verbelen

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Karl FristonQueen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7984-8909

Johan MedranoQueen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK.

Tim VerbelenVERSES, Los Angeles, CA 90016, USA.

Funding

VERSES (United States)Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 226793/Z/22/ZYang-Tan Collective at MIT

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We apply the free energy principle to free markets by treating the Market as a random dynamical system with an attracting set, i.e., some characteristic states. This licenses a normal form for stochastic dynamics that inherits from the Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition. Equipped with this functional form-and a suitable parameterization-one can create a generative model of fluctuations in the value of assets and accompanying indicator variables. This affords the opportunity for prospective (

Indexed as

active inferenceBayesianfinancial marketsfree energy principleHelmholtz–Hodge decompositionLaplace assumptionportfolio managementrisk

Identifiers

PMID42793868

DOI10.3390/e28090956

PMCPMC13605836

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.