ArticleBrain sciences2026
Diverging Paths: Heterogeneity in Early Childhood Executive Function Development in Chile.
Article in Brain sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesExecutive function (EF) is a foundational cognitive process associated with academic achievement and socioemotional adjustment. While average developmental trends are well documented, less is known about heterogeneity in EF trajectories during early childhood and the contextual factors associated with different developmental pathways. This study examined longitudinal trajectories of EF between ages 3 and 6 and their associations with family, child, and caregiver well-being, as well as the home environment.
methodsData were drawn from the Chilean longitudinal cohort First Thousand Days (Mil Primeros Días [MPD];
resultsThree EF trajectories were identified: Normative (54.5%), Persistently Disadvantaged (34.6%), and Advantaged Accelerating (10.8%). Home environment quality was the most consistent predictor of trajectory membership, increasing the likelihood of following the Advantaged Accelerating (RRR = 1.59) or Normative (RRR = 1.21) trajectory relative to the Persistently Disadvantaged trajectory. Early cognitive development protected against the most disadvantaged trajectory, whereas distal sociodemographic characteristics and caregiver well-being were not significant predictors of trajectory membership.
conclusionsIndividual differences in EF emerge early and show divergent growth rates through age 6, with home environment quality as the strongest predictor-highlighting the value of enriching home learning environments before school entry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.