ArticleCurrent issues in molecular biology2026
Dynamic Changes in PD-L1, VEGF, and TILs Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Residual Invasive Breast Cancer.
Article in Current issues in molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesNeoadjuvant therapy (NAT) may remodel the breast-cancer microenvironment. We evaluated paired changes in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) before and after NAT, and associations with the residual cancer burden (RCB) and survival.
methodsThis retrospective study included 102 patients with residual invasive breast cancer after NAT: 34 with luminal B-like/HER2-negative, 34 with luminal B-like/HER2-positive, and 34 with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). PD-L1 was assessed using the 22C3 combined positive score, VEGF by the cytoplasmic staining intensity, and stromal TILs according to international recommendations.
resultsThe median tumor size decreased from 2.5 to 1.7 cm (
conclusionsNAT has induced subtype-dependent immune and angiogenic changes, supporting biomarker reassessment in residual disease.
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