Physiological and Horticultural Responses of HLB-Affected 'Valencia' Orange Trees to Trunk-Injected Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin Formulations Differing in Adjuvant and pH.

Igor Silva, Jorge Pereira, Swadeshmukul Santra, Ute Albrecht

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Igor SilvaSouthwest Florida Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA.

Jorge PereiraNanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-6597-685X

Swadeshmukul SantraNanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5662-4937

Ute AlbrechtSouthwest Florida Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1889-9598

Funding

Citrus Research and Development Foundation 23-036

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesTrunk injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) can suppress

methodsTwo commercial field trials with HLB-affected 'Valencia' sweet orange trees compared a 2 × 4 factorial combination of two formulations, adjuvant/high-pH and no-adjuvant/low-pH, and four antibiotic treatments: none, OTC, STM, and OTC + STM. Tree growth, canopy health, phytotoxicity,

resultsTree growth and canopy health were not affected by treatment. The adjuvant/high-pH formulation caused severe canopy phytotoxicity in trial 1 and increased wound width, wound length, and bark cracking in both trials, compared to the control. OTC and OTC + STM generally reduced fruit drop, increased yield, and improved fruit quality attributes though effects on

conclusionsOTC was the primary effective component to mitigate HLB in affected citrus trees. The adjuvant/high-pH formulations did not affect OTC efficacy but caused tree injury, even in the absence of OTC. Novel trunk-injection formulations must balance chemical stability and delivery with plant tissue compatibility and safety to meet commercial viability.

Indexed as

antimicrobialbacterial diseasecitrus greeningdisease managementvascular delivery

Identifiers

PMID42792042

DOI10.3390/antibiotics15090892

PMCPMC13603316

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.