Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42792029›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Phage-Antibiotic-Peptide Synergy Overcomes Biofilm-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in

Aryaan P Duggal, Adit B Alreja, Isha Vashee, Hayley Nordstrom, Erin Harrelson, Nakia Fallen, Kari-Ann Takano, Ryan A Blaustein, Derrick E Fouts, Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aryaan P DuggalDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4095-2818
Adit B AlrejaDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3607-8005
Isha VasheeDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-5195-8198
Hayley NordstromHuman Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20854, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-7392-350X
Erin HarrelsonDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Nakia FallenDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-0787-0509
Kari-Ann TakanoDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-6192-9840
Ryan A BlausteinDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8879-7453
Derrick E FoutsHuman Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20854, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4323-7668
Norberto Gonzalez-JuarbeDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2481-698X

Funding

Endolysins as tools to eradicate pneumococcal biofilms and development ofprotective immunityR01AI168313 · NIAID · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe · 2023 to 2026
$3.5M
JG CDC HHSNCEZID CDC HHS U54 CK000603NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI168313NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background/Objectives

methodsS. marcescens was grown planktonically or in surface-associated biofilms, and biofilm biomass was measured via changes in absorbance and colony-forming units or live/death staining.

resultsCombining bacteriophage with a low-dose cocktail of penicillin-streptomycin, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin enhanced antimicrobial activity compared with antibiotics alone. Across the isolate panel, responses to BAP treatment varied according to determined antibiotic resistance profiles. The highly resistant AR-0517 isolate was selected for detailed mature biofilm analysis, where the BAP treatment reduced biofilm biomass by 97.8% and recoverable bacteria by 99.99%. Microscopy and viability assays further confirmed extensive biofilm disruption and bacterial killing.

conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that simultaneous targeting of multiple bacterial pathways can enhance antimicrobial activity against MDR S. marcescens in vitro and support further evaluation of BAP as a potential strategy for biofilm-associated infections.

Indexed as

antibioticantimicrobial peptidesbiofilmsphageSerratia marcescens

Identifiers

PMID42792029
PMCPMC13603727

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.