Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42791994›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

The Evolving Clonal, Plasmid-Mediated Resistome, Virulome and Therapeutic Landscape of Carbapenem-Resistant

Arwa Al Rujaibi, Zaaima Al Jabri, Azza Mohammed Al Mamari, Amira ElBaradei, Hafidha Al-Hattali, Faiza Syed, Zakariya Al Muharrmi, Amina Al-Jardani, Meher Rizvi

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In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Arwa Al RujaibiFisheries Water Resources, Central Laboratory of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Saal, P.O. Box 467, Muscat 100, Oman.
Zaaima Al JabriDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.ORCID 0000-0003-0000-3781
Azza Mohammed Al MamariDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.ORCID 0009-0002-6275-5866
Amira ElBaradeiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.ORCID 0000-0001-6813-7896
Hafidha Al-HattaliDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.ORCID 0009-0005-8776-2327
Faiza SyedDASH to Protect Antibiotics, Muscat 111, Oman.ORCID 0000-0001-9887-4125
Zakariya Al MuharrmiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital and University Medical City, Muscat 112, Oman.ORCID 0000-0002-6373-3354
Amina Al-JardaniCentral Public Health Laboratories, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Muscat 123, Oman.ORCID 0000-0001-6314-6849
Meher RizviDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.ORCID 0000-0002-8769-947X

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MoHERI) RCGRG-MEDMICR/21/01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCarbapenem-resistant

methodsBetween 2021 and 2024, 135 non-duplicate CRKP isolates were recovered from diverse clinical specimens. New antimicrobial agents were evaluated phenotypically, while 38 representative extensively drug-resistant (XDR)/pan-drug resistant (PDR) isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for multilocus sequence typing (MLST), capsular typing, resistome, virulome, plasmid and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) analysis. In vitro synergy of ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam, meropenem/fosfomycin and amikacin/fosfomycin was assessed using gradient diffusion-based FICI.

resultsWGS revealed a striking shift towards OXA-232-producing ST-2096, which dominated the sequenced collection and carried KL64 with a conserved multidrug-resistant backbone. NDM-5/ST147 and NDM-1 + KPC-2/ST11 formed distinct high-risk lineages with broader extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) repertoires, greater plasmid heterogeneity and, in co-producers, the highest MGE burden. Across isolates, resistance was reinforced by widespread blaCTX-M variants,

conclusionsCRKP in Oman is characterised by convergent clonal expansion, plasmid-mediated resistance, retained virulence potential and narrowing therapeutic options. Integrated genomic surveillance with carbapenemase-directed susceptibility and synergy testing is essential to guide precision antimicrobial stewardship in high-risk healthcare settings and inform early infection prevention responses to emerging regional CRKP lineages.

Indexed as

AMRantimicrobial synergistic combinationscarbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniaenewer antimicrobialsplasmidomeresistomevirulome

Identifiers

PMID42791994
PMCPMC13603273

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.