ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026
In Vitro Comparison of Initial and 7-Day System-Level Resultant Forces in Clear Aligners with Different Layer Structures.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Time-dependent force reduction may affect the biomechanical performance of thermoformed clear aligners. This proof-of-concept in vitro study compared initial and 7-day system-level 3D resultant forces of DURAN, ZENDURA FLX, and MESHEET under attachment-free and attachment-integrated conditions. Thirty independently fabricated aligners (n = 5 per condition) were tested on a rigid resin model with FDI tooth 11 positioned at 5° of labioversion. Forces were recorded at 1 Hz for 168 h under dry room conditions and summarized at 12 h intervals. Temporal series and group-level normalized decay were evaluated descriptively; no longitudinal inferential analysis was performed. Separate 3 × 2 two-way ANOVAs assessed absolute resultant force at 0 and 168 h. Higher endpoint forces were observed under the attachment-integrated condition in this experimental setup at 0 h [F(1,24) = 24.510,
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