ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026
A Projector-Based Augmented-Reality Localization Device for Breast-Conserving Surgery: Phantom Pipeline and End-to-End Error Budget.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) requires accurate intraoperative localization of the tumor, which moves between the prone diagnostic and supine surgical positions. We present a projector-based augmented-reality (AR) localization system that projects a crosshair directly onto the patient's skin at the predicted tumor location. The pipeline combines rigid registration of ceramic fiducials between prone and supine CT (tumor error 0.30 mm on a real phantom), a SOFA finite-element simulation of gravity-driven prone-to-supine soft-tissue deformation (mean bead displacement 24.7 mm on a synthetic mesh; not validated on a deformable phantom), two-stage ICP surface alignment (RMSE 0.92 mm on a simulated camera; not yet validated on real D415 acquisitions), and projector-camera (ProCam) extrinsic calibration driving the crosshair projection. Because the tumor and sub-surface fiducials are not visible in the live RGB-D scene, a direct non-circular in vivo target registration error (TRE) on the tumor cannot be measured in the present phantom configuration. We instead report a component-based end-to-end
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