ReviewBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026
From Bench to Bone: Translational Pathways of Nanomaterial-Based Therapies in Craniomaxillomandibulofacial and Cranial Vault Reconstruction.
Review in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Craniomaxillofacial and cranial vault reconstruction remain limited by donor-site morbidity, infection, inadequate vascularization, incomplete osseointegration, and poor adaptation of conventional grafts to complex patient-specific anatomy. Nanomaterial-based therapies offer a translationally attractive strategy. Nanoscale hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphates, mesoporous silica, metallic nanoparticles, bioactive glasses, polymeric carriers, injectable nanocomposite hydrogels, extracellular vesicle-inspired systems, and nanostructured coatings can act on several targets at once, including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immune response, antimicrobial activity, mechanical reinforcement, and controlled release. This review synthesizes recent evidence on nanomaterial-enabled bone regeneration for craniomaxillofacial and cranial vault reconstruction, placing emphasis on the pathway from in vitro mechanisms to animal models, additive manufacturing, patient-specific implants, and early clinical translation. 3D-printed calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite-based patient-specific scaffolds are currently supported by the strongest near-clinical evidence, whilst immunomodulatory, bioprinted, injectable, and drug-delivering nanocomposites remain largely preclinical. Growth-factor-independent strategies based on ionic signaling, dipyridamole-enhanced adenosine signaling, nanosilicate-mediated osteogenesis, Wnt/beta-catenin mechanotransduction, and nanoparticle-mediated osteoimmunomodulation may reduce reliance on recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins. However, large-animal validation, long-term biodistribution, nanotoxicology, sterilization, manufacturing reproducibility, and regulatory classification remain major barriers. Future clinical translation will require rational scaffold design, anatomical indication-specific testing, antimicrobial integration, and harmonized regulatory evidence packages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.