Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42791334›Full record

ArticleNature materials2026

Rapid-responsive and water-stable organic electrochemical transistors enabled by supramolecular artificial ion channels.

Yuhui Wang, Bowen Cao, Yikai Zou, Ta-Chung Lu, Yewei Huang, Yihan Gao, Yutong Wang, Yuhang Ye, Jiaxin Liu, Teng Zhang and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Loss-reshaped asymmetric nanolight.Nature materials · 2026
    Article
  2. Seamless biointerfaces in devices.Nature materials · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Yuhui WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-9539
Bowen CaoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-0912
Yikai ZouDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Ta-Chung LuDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8884-020X
Yewei HuangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-8068
Yihan GaoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Yutong WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Yuhang YeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-1618-1780
Jiaxin LiuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7001-7945
Teng ZhangA.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jinxing LiDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Yang GengDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-0137
Yan PingDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Zhiyuan WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jiale HanDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Baoning ShaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Chenhao HuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Xuxiao ChenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Chengji ZhangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Xuyao XiaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Lingfeng TangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Yuwei GuDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-7764
Ling LiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Yury GogotsiA.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9423-4032
Chien-Chung ShihDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-937X
Yuanwen JiangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ywjiang@seas.upenn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-2639

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Directly coupling ionic fluxes to volumetric electronic transduction, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) emulate ion-based natural signalling mechanisms and blur the boundary between abiotic electronics and living systems. However, uncontrolled water infiltration into mixed ionic-electronic (semi)conductors slows their response and compromises operational stability in physiological environments. Here, inspired by cell membranes, which precisely regulate ion and water transport through a spatially segregated dual architecture, we develop a supramolecular artificial ion-channel material. Comprising hydrogen-bonded crown ether stacks assembled within a fluorinated polymer matrix, the resulting material combines high ionic conductivity with low water permeability. OECTs operating with the ion-channel layer exhibit simultaneously enhanced temporal response and aqueous stability. Our strategy is applicable to p-type and n-type semiconductors and maintains uniform performance in high-density transistor arrays. When implanted in the rat brain, the OECT devices achieve real-time, high-fidelity monitoring of dopamine dynamics in chronic settings. By resolving the long-standing water-instability bottleneck, our approach advances OECTs towards closed-loop adaptive modulation and biohybrid computing.

Identifiers

PMID42791334

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.