ArticleInternational journal of hygiene and environmental health2026
Prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters and child cognitive development in the MARBLES prospective cohort.
Article in International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological studies on prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and child cognitive development remain inconclusive. We examined associations between prenatal maternal urinary OPE biomarker concentrations and child cognitive development assessed at multiple time points.
methodsThe study included 311 mother-child pairs from MARBLES, a prospective cohort of children with elevated familial likelihood of autism and at least one available cognitive assessment. We quantified nine OPE biomarkers in one maternal urine sample per participant, collected predominantly during the third trimester. Cognitive development was assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, with observations at each time point included in the primary analyses. We examined associations between specific gravity-adjusted urinary OPE biomarker concentrations, both individually and as a mixture, and MSEL Composite and subscale scores at each time point. We also evaluated child sex as an effect modifier and assessed longitudinal changes in scores across assessments.
resultsAssociations between individual prenatal OPE biomarkers and child cognitive outcomes were largely null after correction for multiple comparisons. Associations between bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCETP) concentrations and Composite and Visual Reception scores differed by age across assessments, with scores appearing higher at 36 months. Trajectory analyses identified no associations. Effect modification by child sex was not observed.
conclusionsWe did not observe that prenatal OPE exposure was associated with cognitive development across infancy and toddlerhood; however, we observed that associations differed by age at assessment, highlighting the importance of repeated outcome measurements. Larger studies in general-population cohorts with repeated exposure measurements throughout pregnancy are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.