Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42789710›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Cassini CDA observes compositional segregation of Enceladus' ice grains from slow freezing and fragmentation of oceanic spray.

Frank Postberg, Zenghui Zou, Yasuhito Sekine, Minori Koga, Jürgen Schmidt, Mark Fox-Powell, Fabian Klenner, Jon K Hillier, Nozair Khawaja, Toshihiko Kadono and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Frank PostbergInstitute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5862-4276
Zenghui ZouInstitute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Yasuhito SekineEarth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-3544-3632
Minori KogaEarth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0009-0001-3040-1521
Jürgen SchmidtInstitute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1289-9626
Mark Fox-PowellSchool of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton-Keynes, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4994-5203
Fabian KlennerDepartment of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5744-1718
Jon K HillierInstitute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3657-1388
Nozair KhawajaInstitute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8237-1523
Toshihiko KadonoDepartment of Basic Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-5299-556X
Melih ÇakarInstitute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5625-5705
Sascha KempfLaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado in Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5236-3004
Ralf SramaInstitut für Raumfahrtsysteme, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0353-0915

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salt-rich ice particles, termed Type 3, are a major compositional group within Enceladus' plume and Saturn's E ring and are thought to represent frozen micrometer-sized aerosolized droplets of Enceladus' salty subsurface ocean. Here, we present an analysis on the basis of ≈1000 mass spectra of individual Type 3 E ring ice grains recorded by Cassini's Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA), revealing a large compositional diversity among these grains. We find at least five basic compositional subtypes dominated by either sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO

Identifiers

PMID42789710
PMCPMC13614379

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.