ReviewMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2026
Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases: Clinical Evidence, Therapeutic Niches, and Translational Boundaries.
Review in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Central nervous system demyelinating disorders differ substantially in pathobiology, reversibility, and capacity for tissue repair. Disease-modifying therapies can suppress inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), but they do not replace lost oligodendrocytes or reliably reverse established neuroaxonal injury. Stem cell-based strategies therefore pursue distinct therapeutic goals, including immune reconstitution, paracrine immunomodulation and neuroprotection, direct cell replacement, remyelination, and correction of defined genetic defects. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) currently has the most mature clinical evidence, particularly for carefully selected patients with highly active relapsing MS despite high-efficacy therapy, but its benefit is mediated primarily through immune ablation and reconstitution rather than direct remyelination. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) approaches remain investigational because controlled trials have not established consistent efficacy and intrathecal delivery has raised route-specific safety concerns. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived oligodendrocyte or neural progenitor products remain preclinical or early translational approaches for acquired demyelinating disease, whereas gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells have a distinct role in selected inherited leukodystrophies. Translation across these platforms is additionally constrained by product heterogeneity, potency assessment, manufacturing reproducibility, long-term safety, regulation, scalability, access, and the need for mechanism-matched clinical endpoints. This article aims to critically review the clinical evidence, therapeutic niches, safety considerations, and translational boundaries of stem cell-based therapies for central nervous system demyelinating diseases, with particular emphasis on MS and NMOSD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.