ArticleOphthalmology and therapy2026
Effect of Residual Astigmatism on Visual Acuity Following Bifocal, Trifocal, and Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens Implantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of residual astigmatism magnitude and axis on visual outcomes after simultaneous vision intraocular lens (SVIOL) implantation.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records of cataract patients who underwent implantation of bifocal, trifocal, or extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOLs. Patients were stratified by residual astigmatism magnitude (mild [0-0.50 D], moderate [0.75-1.00 D], high [1.25-1.50 D]) and axis (with-the-rule [WTR], against-the-rule [ATR], oblique). Uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities (UDVA, UIVA, UNVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) recorded at the 1-month postoperative visit were extracted for analysis.
resultsA total of 879 eyes from 879 patients were analyzed (bifocal: 497 [56.5%]; trifocal: 166 [18.9%]; EDOF: 216 [24.6%]). In the bifocal group, UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA worsened with increasing astigmatism (all P < 0.05), whereas CDVA declined only in the high-astigmatism subgroup (P < 0.05). In the trifocal group, mild astigmatism yielded better UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA than moderate or high astigmatism (all P < 0.05) and better CDVA than the high-astigmatism subgroup (P < 0.05). In the EDOF group, mild astigmatism outperformed moderate and high astigmatism in UDVA and UIVA (both P < 0.05) and high astigmatism in UNVA and CDVA (both P < 0.05). Trifocal IOLs with mild or moderate astigmatism achieved better intermediate and near vision than other IOL types, whereas EDOF IOLs outperformed bifocal IOLs in the high-astigmatism subgroup (all P < 0.05). Astigmatic axis did not independently predict visual acuity in stratified multiple linear regression (all P > 0.05).
conclusionsMild-to-moderate astigmatism primarily impairs intermediate and near vision, with trifocal IOLs exhibiting greater tolerance, whereas high astigmatism degrades vision at all distances, a setting in which EDOF IOLs perform better. Astigmatic axis appears to exert little influence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42789248What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.