ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026
Spray drying-assisted development of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate microparticles for andrographolide delivery: an in-vivo study in experimental ulcerative colitis.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease distinguished by colonic inflammation and mucosal injury; therefore, targeted suppression of underlying inflammatory pathways represents a rational strategy for developing an effective drug delivery system. In the current investigation, Andrographolide (ADG) loaded pH-responsive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate-based microparticles (ADG-HPMC-AS MPs) were engineered by spray-drying technique and optimized using Box-Behnken Design to achieve desirable physicochemical and biopharmaceutical attributes. Optimized ADG-HPMC-AS MPs exhibited particle size 9.25 ± 0.89 µm, zeta potential (ζ) -0.80 ± 0.70 mV, drug loading 8.97 ± 0.49%, entrapment efficiency 53.81 ± 2.96%, and spherical shape. Next, a plethora of solid-state analyses validated effective ADG encapsulation, improved thermal stability, and amorphous nature, stabilized by intermolecular interactions. ADG-HPMC-AS MPs displayed minimal drug release under acidic medium, while drug release was observed up to 24 h in colonic milieu. Later, therapeutic efficacy of ADG-HPMC-AS MPs was tested against TNBS-induced UC and demonstrated superior efficacy in DAI and CMDI scores. ADG-HPMC-AS MPs caused significant (P ≤ 0.0001) down-regulation of NF-κB (0.75-fold), STAT3 (2.12-fold), and p-STAT3 (1.15-fold) expression relative to positive control. ADG-HPMC-AS MPs produced marked suppression of mRNA expression (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and MMP-9) in TNBS-induced UC. ADG-HPMC-AS MPs-treated group markedly ameliorated epithelial damage, inflammatory infiltration, and collagen deposition, demonstrating lowest histopathological scores compared to positive control. These findings validate ADG-HPMC-AS MPs as a drug delivery system that ameliorates UC by attenuating oxidative stress and NF-kB/STAT3-driven signalling. In conclusion, ADG-HPMC-AS MPs may serve as a promising drug-delivery system for improving the therapeutic potential of ADG in the effective management of UC.
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