ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2026
Comparative Utility of Tear Film and Ocular Surface Parameters in Differentiating Sjögren's Disease Dry Eye From Non-Sjögren's Dry Eye.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Tear production and ocular surface damage are equally weighted in the 2016 classification criteria for Sjögren's disease (SjD). We compared Schirmer testing versus ocular surface staining to distinguish SjD from non-SjD dry eye. Methods: Patients with SjD dry eye (n = 20), non-SjD dry eye (n = 47), and controls (n = 29) were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Schirmer testing assessed tear production; ocular surface staining was graded using the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) and National Eye Institute (NEI) systems. Analyses included age-stratified comparisons, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and multivariable regression. Results: Overall, mean Schirmer values did not differ between SjD and non-SjD dry eye but were lower in SjD among participants <60 years (8.78 ± 6.24 vs. 18.00 ± 10.04 mm, P = 0.018), not ≥60 years (15.27 ± 11.01 vs. 14.00 ± 8.28 mm, P = 0.699). Schirmer ≤5 mm threshold differentiated SjD only in the younger group (<60 years: 55.6% vs. 5.0%, P = 0.014; ≥60 years: 18.2% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.145), and Schirmer testing showed poor overall discrimination, particularly among older participants (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.602; <60 years 0.772; ≥60 years 0.453). By contrast, SICCA corneal staining demonstrated consistently stronger discrimination (overall AUC 0.803; <60 years 0.872; ≥60 years 0.754). In multivariable models, NEI conjunctival staining (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23, P = 0.008) and SICCA corneal staining (OR = 1.83, P = 0.046), but not Schirmer testing (OR = 1.01, P = 0.888), were associated with SjD. Conclusions: Ocular surface staining was more strongly associated with classified SjD status in this cohort, whereas Schirmer testing showed age-dependent performance. Translational Relevance: Ocular surface staining may be a more reliable marker of Sjögren's dry eye than Schirmer testing, with implications for clinical evaluation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.