Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42788069›Full record

ArticlePsychology research and behavior management2026

Psychometric Validation of the Social Media Fatigue Scale and Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users Among Indonesian University Students.

Muthmainnah, Ira Nurmala, Lutfi Agus Salim, Yuli Puspita Devi, Annisa Clara Salsabila, Aisyah Amalia, Dini Yulia Restuti, Servet Üztemur, Po-Ching Huang, Mark D Griffiths and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychology research and behavior management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

MuthmainnahDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-3335-5073
Ira NurmalaDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0001-6930-8204
Lutfi Agus SalimDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-4745-614X
Yuli Puspita DeviDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0001-9066-1379
Annisa Clara SalsabilaResearch Group of Innovation, Communication, Information, and Health Education, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0003-9302-9004
Aisyah AmaliaDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0009-5851-7858
Dini Yulia RestutiEast Java Provincial Health Office, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
Servet ÜztemurDepartment of Turkish and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-1580-9123
Po-Ching HuangDepartment of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-2047-2246
Mark D GriffithsNottingham Institute of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8880-6524
Chung-Ying LinDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-2129-4242

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: While social media fatigue and social anxiety may shape individuals' patterns of social media use, validated instruments assessing these constructs remain limited in Southeast Asian contexts. Methods: The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Social Media Fatigue Scale (SMFS) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users (SAS-SMU) using confirmatory factor analysis. A total of 1012 Indonesian university students completed both instruments. Measurement invariance across gender and academic discipline was further examined. Results: Item 13 of the SMFS was removed due to a very low corrected item-total correlation ( Conclusion: The findings provide evidence for the reliability and validity of both the SMFS and SAS-SMU in the Indonesian context, supporting their future use in research exploring social media-related psychological mechanisms or outcomes.

Indexed as

digital mental healthIndonesiapsychometric validationsocial anxietysocial media fatigue

Identifiers

PMID42788069
PMCPMC13604010

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.