ArticleBioactive materials2027
An endoplasmic reticulum-enriched nanogel couples ferroptotic tumor damage with macrophage reprogramming for triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Bioactive materials, 2027. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by severely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which leads to tumor ferroptosis resistance and dominant protumor M2 macrophages, restraining innate-to-adaptive antitumor immune cascade. Herein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-enriched pH/redox-sensitive SPIONS@P-CpG-DOX nanogel was constructed to realize dual ER-targeted manipulation on TNBC cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to elicit an ER-centered innate-to-adaptive immune amplification axis. In TNBC cells, nanogel-induced ER stress inhibits the GSH-GPX4 axis and accelerates lipid peroxidation, triggering ER-originated ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) to release antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) for immune priming. In macrophages, nanogel activates ER-dependent STING/NF-κB pathways without ferroptosis, facilitating M2-to-M1 polarization and inflammatory TME remodeling. The dual ER-initiated pathways synergistically facilitate dendritic cell (DC) maturation, enhance intratumoral CD4
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