ArticleAmerican journal of clinical and experimental urology2026
Association between the Zhejiang University index and kidney stone risks in US adults: evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.
Article in American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundKidney stones carry a substantial population health burden and are demonstrated to be increasingly associated with metabolic dysregulation. We examined whether the Zhejiang University (ZJU) index, a composite metabolic parameter derived from routine clinical data, is associated with kidney stone history in US adults.
methodsWe used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 to assess the association between the ZJU index and self-report kidney stone history among adults aged 20 years or older. We applied survey-weighted logistic regression models to examine the relationship between the ZJU index and kidney stone history. Non-linearity was assessed using flexible spline and segmented regression. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
resultsAmong the 25,605 participants analyzed, 2,484 (9.7%) reported a history of kidney stones. Prevalence increased across ZJU index quartiles, from 4.09% in quartile 1 to 16.90% in quartile 4. In fully adjusted models, higher ZJU index was associated with higher odds of kidney stones (odds ratio 1.210, 95% CI: 1.186-1.234), with evidence of non-linearity and a turning point at 38.1. The ZJU index showed favorable discrimination (area under the curve 0.819) and an empirically derived threshold of 36.78 (sensitivity 76.2%, specificity 71.5%).
conclusionHigher ZJU index was positively associated with kidney stone history in a nationally representative US sample, supporting its potential application in population-level risk stratification and prevention-oriented public health planning.
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