SynthesisFrontiers in public health2026
Estimates of the global burden of HIV-attributable and all-cause AIDS-defining cancers: a population-based modeling study.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLHIV) have elevated risks of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs), including cervical cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Previous studies have quantified the individual global burden of these cancers, we aimed to estimate the pooled global burden of HIV-attributable and all-cause ADCs in 2022 and identify the key drivers across different regions and countries. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to update risk ratios (RRs) for cervical cancer, NHL, and KS. RRs were used to calculate population-attributable fractions (PAFs) and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of HIV-attributable ADCs using country-specific HIV prevalence and 2022 cancer incidence data. Associations with the Human Development Index (HDI) were assessed. Results: In 2022, an estimated 101,835 (95% CI 76102-131,298) ADC cases were attributable to HIV, accounting for 8.1% (95% CI 6.2-10.4) of all-cause ADC cases. NHL comprised 62.9% of HIV-attributable ADCs, while cervical cancer accounted for 53.0% of all cases. The highest HIV-attributable ASIRs were in Eswatini (34.9%), Zambia (32.0%), and Mozambique (25.9%). In East and Southern Africa, 27.8% of ADCs were linked to HIV. Among 35 countries with high cancer burden and HIV attribution, 68.6% were in Africa. Lower HDI correlated with higher PAF ( Conclusion: HIV significantly contributes to the global ADC burden. Addressing immunosuppression, viral co-infections, and healthcare access through ART expansion, oncogenic virus monitoring, and cancer prevention is essential to mitigate the dual burden of HIV and ADCs globally.
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