ReviewClinical and translational radiation oncology2027
Concurrent versus sequential immune checkpoint inhibition in the neoadjuvant treatment of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Clinical and translational radiation oncology, 2027. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly integrated into the neoadjuvant treatment of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), yet the optimal timing of ICI administration remains undefined. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis directly comparing these two strategies. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from inception through April 2026. Prospective studies enrolling adult patients with non-metastatic resectable ESCC who received neoadjuvant ICI alongside chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were eligible. Pooled pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR) were analyzed using random-effects models. Results: Fifty-three prospective studies (2937 patients) were included. In the primary analysis, consolidation ICI was associated with significantly higher pCR than concurrent ICI (48% vs. 31%; Conclusions: When matched for treatment backbone, concurrent and consolidation ICI timing produce comparable pathological response rates in resectable ESCC. Randomized trials with pre-specified timing arms and biomarker stratification are warranted.
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