ArticleBMC public health2026
Ambient cold exposure and myocardial infarction risk in Tianjin, China: a distributed lag non-linear analysis.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmbient temperature is an important environmental determinant of cardiovascular health. Although cold exposure has been associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI), evidence on delayed effects and subtype-specific differences remains limited in northern China. We examined the short-term association between temperature and MI incidence in Tianjin.
methodsWe conducted a time-series study integrating daily MI counts from the Tianjin Chest Pain Center with meteorological data from 2020 to 2023. Distributed lag non-linear models with quasi-Poisson regression were used to estimate non-linear and lagged effects of temperature on MI, adjusting for long-term trends, seasonality, relative humidity, day of the week, and public holidays. Extreme cold was defined as the 5th percentile of daily mean temperature (- 3.4 °C). The minimum morbidity temperature (MMT) was used as the reference temperature.
resultsDuring the 1,461-day study period, 34,940 MI events were recorded, including 21,814 (62.4%) STEMI cases. Compared with the median temperature (15.4 °C), extreme cold was associated with a cumulative 7-day RR of 1.53 (95% CI: 1.25-1.87), with peak effects observed at lag 2 days. The cumulative risk appeared higher for STEMI (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.31-2.01) than NSTEMI (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.82), but this difference was not statistically significant (P
conclusionsAmbient cold exposure is associated with a short-term increase in MI risk in Tianjin, peaking approximately 2 days after exposure. Although STEMI showed higher descriptive risk than NSTEMI, no statistically significant difference was observed. Heat-related associations were not statistically significant and should be interpreted cautiously due to limited exposure frequency and statistical power. These findings provide evidence for cold-related cardiovascular risk in temperate regions. CLINICAL
trial registrationNot applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.