ArticleNature communications2026
Symmetry-breaking co-assembly of conjugated molecules boosts perovskite photovoltaics.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In perovskite photovoltaics, self-assembled molecules (SAMs) have demonstrated the ability to enhance interface quality, reduce charge recombination, and improve energy-level alignment. However, most symmetrical molecules for photovoltaic applications tend to self-aggregate, which hinders uniform film formation, reduces the active surface area, and limits interface contact and device efficiency. In this work, we propose a symmetry-breaking co-assembly (SBC) strategy to improve the performance of the widely employed SAM of 2-[3,6-Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) by coupling with another small conjugated molecule, dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-4-carboxylic acid (DTCA). The broken symmetry at the molecular level enables the synthesis of co-SAM layers with significantly improved uniformity and coverage. A quantitative protocol based on atomic force microscope-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) has been developed to determine the surface coverage of SAM layers. When the surface coverage of co-SAM layers is maximized, the interfacial chemical reaction under electrical stress and the non-radiative recombination loss are effectively suppressed, resulting in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 26.32% (certified as 25.67%) and 25.34% for areas of 0.08 cm
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