ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2026
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for Vision Loss: results of a Delphi consensus study.
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo enable consistent assessment and communication across clinical practice, research and policy, condition-specific International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets can be beneficial. Vision loss substantially affects individuals' functioning across physical, social and environmental domains. Therefore, this study aimed to develop both a comprehensive and brief ICF Core Sets for Vision Loss by integrating perspectives of researchers, healthcare professionals and individuals with visual impairment. Using evidence generated in previous multiphase preparatory studies, this study synthesises these outcomes and reaches international consensus through a Delphi process to determine the most relevant ICF categories.
methodsA structured decision-making and consensus process was implemented, integrating evidence from previous phases of the Core Set development. Using the Delphi technique, an international panel of experts identified ICF categories for inclusion in the ICF Core Sets.
resultsThirty-two experts from 15 countries participated in the consensus meeting. The comprehensive ICF Core Set comprises 97 second-level ICF categories: 19 (20%) related to body functions, six (6%) to body structures, 52 (54%) to activities and participation and 20 (21%) to environmental factors. The brief ICF Core Set includes 12 second-level categories: two (17%) body functions; eight (67%) activities and participation and two (17%) environmental factors.
conclusionThe ICF Core Sets for Vision Loss provide a standardised, clinically relevant framework that supports assessment, treatment planning and interdisciplinary communication. Their use may improve monitoring of functioning over time and enhance care for individuals with vision loss.
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