ArticlePloS one2026
Clinically significant neck pain and tablet tilt angles in real-world educational settings: A nationwide cross-sectional study of university students.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
introductionTablet use has been steadily increasing, particularly among students. However, the long-term effects of tablet tilt on neck pain remain underexplored. PURPOSE: This study examined tablet tilt angles and factors associated with neck pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale; NRS ≥ 4) among university students.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate students using a self-administered questionnaire.
resultsA total of 328 responses were collected from 17 universities, with 95% being complete. Participants were predominantly female, aged 21 (20,22) years old. The prevalence of tablet-related neck pain (NRS ≥ 4) was 42.17%. Fourth-year students had lower risk (aOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.66), whereas 10° and 60° tablet tilt angles increased the risk (aOR = 3.93, 95% CI: 1.83-8.46; aOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.15-7.51) with moderate predictive ability (AUC = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63-0.75).
conclusionsTablet tilt angles of 10° and 60° were associated with increased neck pain. Proper tablet positioning and posture are essential to reduce musculoskeletal strain.
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