ArticleSports (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Effects of Dynamic Apnea Conditions on Performance, Kinematic Parameters, and Physiological Markers in 50 m Monofin Sprinting.
Article in Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Finswimming is a high-intensity aquatic sport in which performance is influenced by the interaction between biomechanical and physiological factors, particularly during underwater apnea sprint events. This study compared performance, kinematic characteristics, cardiovascular responses, metabolic responses, and perceived exertion during a maximal 50 m monofin sprint performed under three conditions: underwater apnea swimming (UW), surface swimming without a snorkel (SN), and surface swimming with a closed snorkel (SC). Ten highly trained young male national-level finswimmers completed a randomized repeated-measures protocol. Performance time, dolphin kick number and frequency, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration, blood glucose concentration, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. Sprint performance was significantly faster during UW (17.38 ± 1.32 s) than during both SN (19.20 ± 1.64 s) and SC (19.39 ± 1.53 s;
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