ArticleSports (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Metabolic and Cardiorespiratory Differences in Incremental Upper and Lower-Body Exercise in Healthy Adults-A Cross-Over Trial.
Article in Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundUpper-body exercise is increasingly applied in athletic and exercise settings; however, acute physiological and perceptual differences compared to lower-body exercise remain insufficiently characterized. This study compared maximal performance parameters during incremental upper- and lower-body exercise in healthy adults.
methodsSeventeen moderately trained participants (eight females, nine males) completed randomized incremental tests on a hand crank ergometer (HCE) and a cycle ergometer (CE). Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), intensity at maximal fat oxidation (FAT
resultsMFO was significantly lower during HCE compared with CE (0.26 vs. 0.55 g·min
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate pronounced modality-specific differences in metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses. Exercise modality should therefore be carefully considered when interpreting maximal exercise tests and prescribing training or rehabilitation programs.
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