ArticleSports (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Team Synergies in Professional Football: A Goal-Referenced Performance Indicator for Rapid Ball Recovery in Negative Transitions.
Article in Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Negative transitions require teams to reorganise rapidly from attack to defence, yet few positional indicators describe collective reorganisation in relation to possession recovery. This study examined whether rβ, a GNSS-derived angular concentration performance indicator referenced to the goal to be protected, was associated with controlled possession recovery within 10 s after a negative transition. In this retrospective observational study, five official matches of a single professional team (Serie A and UEFA Conference League) were analysed. Negative-transition episodes ending with controlled recovery were classified as FAST (≤10 s) or SLOW (>10 s). For each outfield player, the angular deviation between movement direction and the direction to the protected goal was computed; rβ was calculated at the team level using Kuramoto's order parameter. The sample comprised 248 episodes (133 FAST; 115 SLOW). FAST episodes showed higher mean rβ values than SLOW episodes (0.717 vs. 0.600; difference = 0.117; 95% CI [0.085, 0.150];
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