ArticleMetabolites2026
Identification of Flavonoids in the Xylem of
Article in Metabolites, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundFlavonoid secondary metabolites accumulate in xylem during heartwood formation and critically influence wood color and economic value. However, the distribution patterns of individual flavonoids across sapwood, transition zone, and heartwood remain poorly characterized in
methodsSapwood, transition zone, and heartwood samples were collected and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) for qualitative and quantitative flavonoid determination. Multivariate statistical approaches, including hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were applied to compare regional metabolic profiles and to identify characteristic differential markers.
resultsA total of 26 flavonoids were identified, covering flavones, flavonols, flavanones, dihydroflavonols, and flavanols. Quantitative and cluster analyses revealed distinct region-preferential accumulation: dihydrorobinetin, dihydromyricetin, morin, and kaempferol were highly enriched in heartwood; fustin, taxifolin, and cyanidin predominated in the transition zone, whereas afzelin and astilbin were more abundant in sapwood. PCA and OPLS-DA further selected four characteristic markers, namely dihydromyricetin, dihydrorobinetin, kaempferol and (-)-epicatechin, that effectively discriminated the three regions.
conclusionsThis study establishes a clear radial gradient of flavonoid accumulation in
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