ArticleJournal of market access & health policy2026
Analysis of Factors Influencing Drug Prices Differently in Official Drug Pricing and Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation.
Article in Journal of market access & health policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn Japan, official prices of pharmaceuticals have been determined by efficacy and safety. In 2019, Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation (CEE) was introduced to adjust these prices according to Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs).
objectivesTo analyze the differences in the factors influencing drug price between the initial official drug pricing and subsequent price adjustments based on CEE.
methodsTwenty-three drugs evaluated in Japan between 2019 and May 2025 were descriptively analyzed using public reports on official drug pricing and CEE.
resultsFour differences were identified: (1) Official initial drug pricing grants premiums for certain characteristics that are not directly associated with improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), whereas such premiums are not considered in CEE. (2) Official drug pricing limits comparators to existing drugs, whereas CEE did not impose such restrictions. (3) Official drug pricing excludes older drugs as comparators to reward innovation, whereas they were not excluded in CEE. (4) CEE requires sufficient data for CE analysis, such as clinical trial or real-world data, for comparators, unlike official drug pricing. Factors (1) and (3) were most frequent.
conclusionReducing these differences and maintaining consistent innovation evaluations may enhance price predictability and support sustainable pharmaceutical investments in the Japanese market.
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