Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42783388›Full record

ReviewMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis: Current Insights into an Often Overlooked Cause of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT) Obstruction.

Vasileios Leivaditis, Athanasios Papatriantafyllou, Francesk Mulita, Vasiliki Androutsopoulou, Elias Liolis, Konstantinos Tasios, Andreas Antzoulas, Dimitrios Litsas, Theodora Skoura, Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Vasileios LeivaditisDepartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Westpfalz Klinikum, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8692-0059
Athanasios PapatriantafyllouDepartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Westpfalz Klinikum, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Francesk MulitaSecond Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7198-2628
Vasiliki AndroutsopoulouDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece.ORCID 0009-0005-2445-0879
Elias LiolisDepartment of Oncology, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Konstantinos TasiosJohn Radcliffe Hospital Emergency Department, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3189-0590
Andreas AntzoulasDepartment of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Dimitrios LitsasDepartment of Surgery, General Hospital of Lamia, 35100 Lamia, Greece.ORCID 0009-0004-0913-7350
Theodora SkouraMedical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Aretaeion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3137-5361
Konstantinos NikolakopoulosDepartment of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Spyros PapadoulasDepartment of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-8628-2173
Nikolaos G BaikoussisDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Ippokrateio General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5645-662X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSubvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is an important cause of fixed left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and the second most common form of aortic stenosis. Although traditionally considered a congenital lesion, increasing evidence suggests that SAS often behaves as a progressive condition influenced by anatomical and hemodynamic factors. The disease may lead to significant complications, including left ventricular hypertrophy and progressive aortic regurgitation. MATERIALS AND

methodsA narrative review of the current literature was performed to summarize contemporary knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of subvalvular aortic stenosis. Relevant studies were identified through searches of major medical databases and were critically analyzed to provide an overview of current concepts and clinical practice.

resultsSubvalvular aortic stenosis demonstrates considerable anatomical and clinical heterogeneity, ranging from discrete subaortic membranes to fibromuscular tunnel-type obstruction. The condition often progresses over time, with increasing LVOT gradients and a high incidence of associated aortic regurgitation. Echocardiography remains the primary diagnostic modality, while advanced imaging techniques provide additional anatomical detail and assist in surgical planning. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment when significant obstruction or related complications develop.

conclusionsSubvalvular aortic stenosis is a complex and progressive disease requiring careful imaging assessment and timely surgical management. Although surgical outcomes are generally excellent, recurrence and progressive aortic valve involvement remain important long-term considerations. Ongoing research aimed at improving risk stratification and optimizing surgical strategies may further enhance patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Aortic Stenosis, SubvalvularVentricular Outflow ObstructionVentricular Outflow Obstruction, LeftEchocardiographyHumansaortic valve replacementaortic valve stenosisheart valve surgeryinterventricular septum hypertrophyLVOTShone syndromesubaortic membranesubaortic stenosissubvalvular aortic stenosis

Identifiers

PMID42783388
PMCPMC13609251

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.