Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42783243›Full record

ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Factors Associated with Ever Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Testing Among Adults in the United States.

Kingsley Kalu, Elizabeth Ayangunna, Bushra Shah, Gulzar Shah

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kingsley KaluDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1753-6878
Elizabeth AyangunnaDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.
Bushra ShahDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6282-1010
Gulzar ShahDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0954-3418

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is a growing incidence of colorectal cancer and related deaths in the United States, despite screening recommendations. This study analyzed the factors associated with having ever undergone endoscopic colorectal cancer testing among adults aged 45-85 years.

methodsThis study analyzed data from the 2023 National Health Interview Survey (N = 17,087 participants). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between sociodemographic and healthcare-related factors and the likelihood of having ever (a) undergone a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy and (b) taken a fecal immunochemical test (FIT).

resultsThe majority of the respondents had undergone an endoscopic colorectal exam (66%) vs. FIT (22%) in their lifetime. Compared to respondents aged 45-49 years, those in older age groups (50-85 years) were more likely to have ever undergone an endoscopic colorectal exam or FIT testing. African Americans were more likely to have ever undergone an endoscopic colorectal exam (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.26, CI = 1.07-1.48), while American Indian/American Native and others (AOR = 1.35, CI = 1.02-1.80) were more likely to have ever undergone a FIT compared to White people. While education and health insurance were associated with having ever undergone an endoscopic colorectal exam, neither was associated with FIT. Compared to married respondents, widowed, separated, or divorced respondents (AOR = 0.88, CI = 0.79-0.98), and unmarried respondents (AOR = 0.70, CI = 0.60-0.82) were less likely to have ever undergone an endoscopic colorectal exam.

conclusionsVariations in factors associated with having ever undergone endoscopic colorectal cancer testing can help to understand disparities in screening uptake better and guide the development of targeted public health interventions to improve colorectal cancer prevention and early detection.

Indexed as

cancer testingcolonoscopycolorectal cancerfecal immunochemical testhealth disparitiesNational Health Interview Surveysociodemographic characteristics

Identifiers

PMID42783243
PMCPMC13605064

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.