ReviewBiosensors2026
Rapid Diagnostics for Distinguishing Bacterial and Viral Infections: A Review of Technologies, Clinical Utility, and Stewardship Implications.
Review in Biosensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat driven in part by inappropriate and unnecessary antibiotic use resulting from diagnostic uncertainty at the point of care. In outpatient and acute-care settings, clinicians are often unable to rapidly distinguish between viral and bacterial infections, leading to empiric antibiotic prescribing that contributes to the emergence and spread of resistant pathogens. This review examines current and emerging rapid diagnostic technologies for differentiating bacterial and viral infections, including molecular assays, rapid antigen tests, biomarker-based diagnostics, host-response platforms, hematologic methods, and artificial intelligence-based decision-support systems. These technologies are evaluated based on diagnostic accuracy, turnaround time, cost, accessibility, and clinical actionability within real-world healthcare settings. Although several emerging and point-of-care (POC) technologies can provide results within approximately 6-15 min, their ability to consistently align with the timing, workflow, and clinical decision-making requirements of frontline outpatient and emergency-care settings remains variable and incompletely established. Future progress in antimicrobial stewardship will depend on developing rapid, clinically actionable diagnostic systems that integrate seamlessly into patient care and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.