Mechanical Properties and Fabrication of Bioinspired Cactus Spine Microneedles.

Hongru Liu, Xiang Long, Qiumeng Sun, Shixiong Wu, Zhishan Yuan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Biosensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hongru LiuSchool of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.ORCID 0009-0009-8678-8807

Xiang LongSchool of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Qiumeng SunSchool of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Shixiong WuSchool of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Zhishan YuanSchool of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Funding

Special Support Plan of the Guangdong Province No.2025TQ09Z574

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery enables painless and efficient drug administration but is limited by insufficient mechanical strength and high insertion forces. Inspired by the efficient penetration capability of cactus spines, this study investigated the microstructure and biomechanics of natural cactus spines and bioinspired microneedles. Finite element analysis showed that a groove width of 50 μm produced the highest stress and strain. Solid bioinspired microneedles were fabricated by 3D printing, while dissolvable hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and gelatin microneedles were prepared using femtosecond laser-fabricated titanium molds and replica molding. Optimized laser parameters generated micropores approximately 500 μm deep. Mechanical tests showed insertion forces of 60-100 mN for solid microneedles, with the 50 μm groove design exhibiting the highest value. Among dissolvable microneedles, gelatin displayed the greatest mechanical strength, whereas hyaluronic acid demonstrated the best overall potential for transdermal drug delivery.

Indexed as

CactaceaeNeedlesChitosanFinite Element AnalysisGelatinHyaluronic AcidMicroneedle Drug DeliveryPrinting, Three-DimensionalChitosanGelatinHyaluronic Acidbioinspired microneedlescactus spinesmechanical testingmetal micromoldsmicrostructure

Identifiers

PMID42783155

DOI10.3390/bios16090488

PMCPMC13604144

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.