A Multifrequency Millimeter-Wave CMOS Sensor for Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Using UMC 0.18 μm Technology.

Dalia Elsheakh, Ratshih Sayed, Hebatullah H Draz, Ghada H Ibrahim, Heba Shawkey

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Biosensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dalia ElsheakhElectrical and Basic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, El Sewedy University of Technology, 10th of Ramadan City 44629, Egypt.

Ratshih SayedMicroelectronics Department, Electronics Research Institute, El Nozha 11843, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-5078-8551

Hebatullah H DrazMicroelectronics Department, Electronics Research Institute, El Nozha 11843, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-9721-8206

Ghada H IbrahimMicroelectronics Department, Electronics Research Institute, El Nozha 11843, Egypt.

Heba ShawkeyMicroelectronics Department, Electronics Research Institute, El Nozha 11843, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0003-0830-8838

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes is a major worldwide health concern, which emphasizes the critical need for precise and continuous glucose monitoring devices. This paper introduces a novel, non-invasive method for continuous blood glucose monitoring using on-chip multi-arm sensors designed as earbuds by using UMC 0.18 μm technology. The proposed sensor uses the dielectric characteristics of the earbud to detect variations in glucose levels while operating at various resonant frequencies, including 32, 42, 64, and 94 GHz. The sensitivity of the proposed method was evaluated using a reflection coefficient criterion of ∣S11∣≤-6 dB, confirming its ability to achieve accurate detection when implemented within an earbud device. A 3D electromagnetic high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) is used to validate the simulation. Only |S

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesBlood GlucoseContinuous Glucose MonitoringHumansMicrowavesWearable Electronic DevicesBlood Glucosehigh-frequency wireless systemsintegrated antennamillimeter-wave (mm-wave)multi-arm (MA)UMC 180 nm CMOSW bandwireless communication

Identifiers

PMID42783127

DOI10.3390/bios16090460

PMCPMC13604410

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.