Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42782568›Full record

ArticleDocumenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology2026

The effect of high-frequency light flicker on pattern-reversal and steady-state visual evoked potentials in healthy subjects.

Stephanie Ancheta, Suhayla Karzazi, Maibritt Horning, Carsten Dam-Hansen, Henning Engelbrecht Larsen, Paul Michael Petersen, Martin Ballegaard

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In one paragraph

Article in Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephanie AnchetaDepartment of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital at Roskilde, Vestermarksvej 11, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-3890-2838
Suhayla KarzaziDepartment of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital at Roskilde, Vestermarksvej 11, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-0061-5602
Maibritt HorningDepartment of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital at Roskilde, Vestermarksvej 11, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-3517-9067
Carsten Dam-HansenDepartment of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Diode Lasers and LED Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 130, S65, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-4025
Henning Engelbrecht LarsenDepartment of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Diode Lasers and LED Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 130, S65, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-8899
Paul Michael PetersenDepartment of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Diode Lasers and LED Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 130, S65, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-4655
Martin BallegaardDepartment of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital at Roskilde, Vestermarksvej 11, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. mbag@regionsjaelland.dk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-1997

Funding

Lundbeck Foundation R405-2022-105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWe investigated the effect of screen technology on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) by comparing a standard Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) screen with two Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Light-Emitting Diode (LED) screens with differing levels of latency and high-frequency backlight flicker.

methodsAll screens were calibrated to emit the same luminance and color composition. 19 young healthy subjects underwent VEP recording using checkerboard patterns with check widths of 0.26 degrees (º), 0.51º and 1.03º. Pattern Reversal VEPs (prVEPs) were recorded from occipital (O1, Oz, and O2) electrodes referenced to a frontal electrode (Fz), and Steady State VEPs (SSVEPs) were recorded using a standard International 10-20 electrode cap.

resultsprVEP peak latencies were prolonged and amplitudes were slightly larger with LCD screens compared to the CRT screen, though the high-flicker LCD screen had slightly shorter peak latencies. Pattern-reversal SSVEP at 10 and 12 reversals/s entrained cortical activity to a comparable level across all screens, with no representation of high-frequency backlight flicker or its subharmonics detected in the SSVEP signal.

conclusionBacklight flicker characteristics, timing jitter and latency affects VEP. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that backlight flicker, timing jitter and latency should be considered when selecting LCD screens for clinical VEP recordings.

Indexed as

Evoked potentials, visualHealthy volunteersPhotic stimulationTechnology

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.