ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026
Adherence to four plant-based dietary patterns and associated factors during pregnancy: the INfancia and Medio Ambiente cohort study.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
proposeThis study examined adherence to four plant-based dietary patterns (PBDP) and identified sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors among pregnant women.
methodsWe analysed data from 2,404 participants of the INMA birth cohort study. Dietary intake was assessed using validated food-frequency questionnaires administered in the first and third trimesters. General pro-vegetarian (gPVG), healthful (hPVG), unhealthful (uPVG) dietary patterns and the relative Mediterranean Diet score (rMED) were categorized into tertiles. First tertile was the reference category. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to assess predictors of adherence to each PBDP.
resultsAmong participants, 61.2% aged ≥30 years, 34.3% had a university degree, and 31.6% reported smoking at the start of pregnancy. Older age (≥ 30 years) was positively associated with hPVG [RRR=2.04 (95%CI: 1.63-2.55)] and rMED [RRR=1.55 (95%CI: 1.25-1.92)], and inversely associated with uPVG [RRR=0.48 (95%CI: 0.39-0.60)]. Higher educational level was inversely associated with gPVG [RRR
conclusionAdherence to healthier PBDP was more common among older, more active and non-smoking women, whereas the uPVG pattern clustered among younger, less educated, less physically active, Latin American and smoking women. These findings may help identify population subgroups for targeted nutritional interventions aimed at improving diet quality during this sensitive life stage.
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