ArticleJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics2026
Intracanal medicament removal revisited: A volumetric cone beam computed tomography analysis of four techniques.
Article in Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Context: Microorganisms in the root canal are the primary cause of pulpal and periapical disease. Although chemomechanical preparation reduces microbial load, complex canal anatomy hinders complete disinfection, necessitating intracanal medicaments like calcium hydroxide. However, residual medicament can compromise sealer penetration, dentin bonding, and increase apical microleakage, making its complete removal crucial. Techniques such as needle irrigation, sonic activation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, and XP-Endo Finisher have been proposed to improve their removal, while cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables accurate 3D assessment of residual materials. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these four techniques in removing calcium hydroxide from root canals, using CBCT for volumetric analysis. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four extracted human single-rooted premolars were collected and stored according to OSHA guidelines. The teeth were decoronated, and canals were prepared using a standardized chemomechanical protocol. Calcium hydroxide paste was placed as an intracanal medicament, and the samples were stored at 37°C and 100% relative humidity for 1 week. A pre-retrieval CBCT scan was obtained to assess the initial medicament volume. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups ( Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS; intergroup comparisons used analysis of variance/Kruskal-Wallis and pre-post changes used paired tests, with significance set at Results: XP-Endo Finisher showed the highest reduction (95.3%), followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation (92.4%) and sonic activation (88.6%), with no significant differences ( Conclusions: All techniques reduced calcium hydroxide, with the XP- Endo-finisher being the most effective, while needle irrigation was the least effective.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.