ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles improve sperm motility in aged stallions.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related testicular degeneration is a major cause of subfertility in stallions and is commonly associated with impaired sperm motility. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as promising regenerative mediators due to their ability to transfer bioactive molecules to target cells. This pilot study evaluated the effects of equine amniotic MSC-derived EVs (AMSC-EVs) on sperm motility and functional integrity in aged stallions. Methods: Semen samples collected from four aged stallions were analyzed by conventional spermiogram and computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Amniotic MSC-EVs were isolated and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis of EV markers. Following a dose-response assay, spermatozoa were co-incubated with PKH26-labelled AMSC-EVs, and sperm kinetic parameters, EV interaction, mitochondrial membrane potential, viability, and acrosomal status were assessed. Results: Co-incubation with AMSC-EVs at 400 × 10⁶ EVs/mL significantly modulated sperm kinetic parameters, attenuating the decline in progressive motility and maintaining higher linearity (LIN) and straightness (STR) values than untreated controls, while dynamically modifying the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) ( Discussion: These results suggest that AMSC-EVs may represent a promising cell-free strategy for modulating sperm functionality in aged stallions while preserving sperm physiological integrity. Considering the limited number of stallions included, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary proof-of-concept observations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.