ArticleCureus2026
Leptomeningeal and Ependymal Seeding of a High-Grade Glioma Following Ventricular Opening and Carmustine Wafer Implantation: A Case Report Highlighting a Diagnostic Dilemma.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leptomeningeal and ependymal seeding (LES) is an uncommon but devastating complication of high-grade gliomas, and its incidence appears to be rising as improved multimodal treatment prolongs patient survival. Intraoperative ventricular entry and repeated surgery are well-established risk factors, and their coexistence with carmustine wafer implantation raises technical and diagnostic questions that remain underexplored in the literature. We report the case of a 37-year-old man with a right parieto-occipital WHO grade III anaplastic astrocytoma, initially treated with gross total resection and standard chemoradiotherapy. Following local recurrence at 19 months and a second resection with cranioplasty, the patient developed advanced tumor progression 17 months later that required a third surgery, during which an incidental opening of the lateral ventricle occurred; the defect was sealed with Gelfoam (Pfizer Inc., New York, United States) and Surgicel (Ethicon, Inc., Raritan, New Jersey, United States), and eight carmustine wafers were subsequently implanted in the surgical bed. Definitive histopathology documented malignant transformation to glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) with mutant
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