ArticleInternational journal of nursing studies advances2026
Workplace violence, legal knowledge, and support for nursing legislation among nurses in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study.
Article in International journal of nursing studies advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Workplace violence is a major occupational hazard for nurses, but its association with support for legislative protection remains unclear. This study examined the associations among workplace violence, nursing-related legal knowledge, and explicit support for nursing legislation. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4,391 nurses from 13 hospitals in Shanghai, China, in January 2024. Workplace violence was assessed using a weighted poly-victimization index based on eight violence types. Nursing-related legal knowledge and legislative support were assessed using 30-item and 14-item instruments, respectively. Spearman correlations and PROCESS Model 4 were used to estimate the indirect association between workplace violence and legislative support through nursing-related legal knowledge, adjusting for demographic and occupational covariates. Exploratory subgroup and sensitivity analyses examined department risk level, alternative workplace violence scores, age and work-tenure specifications, and hospital-level clustering. Results: Workplace violence was weakly negatively correlated with legal knowledge (r = -0.036, p = .017), whereas legal knowledge was positively correlated with legislative support (r = 0.131, p < .001). Workplace violence and legislative support were essentially uncorrelated in the unadjusted analysis (r = -0.001, p = .947). In the adjusted model, the total association was small (β = -0.046, 95% CI [-0.076, -0.016], p = .002), the direct association was not statistically significant (β = -0.025, 95% CI [-0.054, 0.004], p = .088), and the indirect association through legal knowledge was also small (β = -0.021, 95% bootstrap CI [-0.030, -0.012]). Subgroup analyses showed descriptive differences across department risk groups, and sensitivity analyses yielded similar coefficient estimates. Conclusions: Nursing-related legal knowledge was associated with stronger explicit support for nursing legislation and contributed to a small indirect statistical association between workplace violence and legislative support. The small effect estimates and cross-sectional design preclude causal or strong policy conclusions. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporal ordering and practical relevance.
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