ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Low serum complement C3 levels are associated with all-cause mortality in Chinese centenarians: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The complement system plays an important role in innate immunity and age-related inflammation, but its prognostic value in centenarians remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between serum complement C3 and C4 levels and all-cause mortality among centenarians. Methods: We studied centenarians in Hainan Island, China. We used multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic splines, Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to assess the relationships between serum C3 and C4 levels and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 906 centenarians were included in the final analysis. During a median follow-up of 30.1 months, 838 (92.5%) participants died. There was a significant inverse linear relationship between serum C3 levels and all-cause mortality ( Conclusion: Serum complement C3 levels, but not C4 levels, might be associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in centenarians. However, because all centenarians were recruited from Hainan Island, external validation in other regions and ethnic populations is warranted.
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