SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2026
Nonlinear duration-efficacy association of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with chemoradiotherapy in pMMR/MSS locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 combined with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has shown encouraging complete response (CR) rates in proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) or microsatellite-stable (MSS) locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), yet immunotherapy duration varies widely across trials and its interaction with radiotherapy fractionation remains unclear. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched through October 8, 2025 for prospective trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus CRT in pMMR/MSS LARC. Random-effects models pooled CR (cCR+pCR) rates, with subgroup analyses and study-level meta-regression conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. A linear probit model and an interactive quadratic probit model were applied to assess associations between treatment duration and response (PROSPERO number CRD420251253156). Results: Eighteen trials (972 patients; 10 LCRT-based and 8 SCRT-based) were included. Pooled CR and pCR rates were 44% (95% Conclusion: Among the included RCTs, longer immunotherapy duration was associated with higher response rates. The nonlinear patterns observed in the combined dataset were exploratory, may reflect heterogeneity between studies, and require prospective validation before informing treatment duration. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261348026, identifier CRD420251253156.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.