SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026
Gut microbiota composition in responders vs. non-responders with hepatocellular carcinoma under ICI therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The associations between gut microbiota and disease progression, as well as the prognostic implications of gut microbiota, remain unclear in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aimed to delineate gut microbiome differences among ICI-treated patients with intermediate-to-advanced HCC and assess their correlations with clinical outcomes via meta-analysis. Methods: We searched 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) and collected related articles published before May 31, 2026. We calculated standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Summarized hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were used to assess gut microbiome associations with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were further conducted, with all statistical analyses performed using RevMan and R. Results: A total of 13 eligible papers were included. (1) The meta-analysis of Alpha diversity indices between R and NR was no significant difference, but over 68% of the studies reported significant differences in beta diversity. (2) At the phylum level, Conclusions: HCC patients with varied treatment responses exhibit characteristic shifts in gut flora. Compositional and functional variations of intestinal microbes serve as potential indicators of disease status, promising prognostic predictors, and references for clinical therapeutic decisions. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO CRD420261363281.
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