ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2026
MRI-derived habitat heterogeneity for overall survival risk stratification in IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4 glioblastoma.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4 has marked spatial heterogeneity, yet routine MRI-based prognostic assessment often relies on whole-tumor summaries. We developed a preoperative MRI habitat-analysis framework to quantify intratumoral and peritumoral spatial phenotypes and to evaluate their value for overall survival (OS). Methods: This retrospective multicohort study included a development cohort of 473 patients assembled from the UCSF-PDGM-v5 dataset (n = 354) and Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (n = 119), and an independent external testing cohort from the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University (n = 82). All habitat generation, selection of the optimal habitat number, feature selection, and model development were performed using the pooled development cohort. Multiparametric preoperative MRI was partitioned into voxel-wise habitats using k-means clustering. Habitat-derived variables were selected and combined into a risk score using LASSO-Cox modeling. Baseline, habitat, and combined prognostic models were constructed using Cox proportional hazards regression and evaluated using the C-index, time-dependent AUC, calibration, prediction-error analysis, decision curve analysis, and Kaplan-Meier risk stratification. Results: A four-habitat solution was stable and biologically interpretable. Necrotic-like and edema-dominant peripheral habitats showed the strongest adverse associations with OS. The habitat risk score remained independently prognostic after adjustment for the consistently available baseline variables of age, sex, and MGMT promoter methylation. In external testing, the combined model improved the external C-index from 0.604 to 0.701 and the 12-month AUC from 0.626 to 0.724, with reduced prediction error, improved calibration, and separated high- and low-risk groups. Conclusion: MRI-derived habitat analysis captures survival-relevant spatial heterogeneity in GBM and provides an interpretable, noninvasive approach for risk stratification warranting prospective validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.