ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Animal type outweighs growth stage in shaping the active antibiotic resistome in livestock manure.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Animal manure is a major reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), yet the factors governing their composition and activity remain insufficiently understood. In this study, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were integrated to characterize microbial communities and resistome profiles in manure from five animal types across multiple growth stages. Results demonstrated that animal type was the dominant factor shaping both microbial community structure and ARG composition at DNA and RNA levels, whereas growth stage did not significantly influence overall community structure. Metagenomic analysis identified 944 ARG subtypes, predominantly associated with tetracycline, multidrug, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance. Metatranscriptomic analysis further revealed 579 actively transcribed ARG subtypes, among which 29 [e.g.,
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