ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Mechanisms of synergistic antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of dihydroquercetin combined with ceftazidime against mucoid
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study characterized the synergistic activity of dihydroquercetin combined with ceftazidime (CAZ) against mucoid Methods: Forty-one clinical mPA isolates were screened via the K-B assay. Checkerboard FICI and time-kill assays evaluated combined antibacterial effects Mucoid EPS semi‑quantitative staining assessed mucoid phenotype. Biofilm biomass and membrane permeability were measured by crystal violet staining and ALP leakage. qRT-PCR quantified biofilm/quorum-sensing gene expression. UHPLC-Orbitrap untargeted metabolomics coupled with multivariate analysis identified differential metabolites. Statistics were analyzed using GraphPad Prism and the R package ropls. Results: 87.8% of the 41 mPA isolates were ceftazidime-susceptible. Mucoid EPS semi‑quantitative staining showed dihydroquercetin‑ceftazidime co‑treatment markedly repressed mucoid EPS, particularly in resistant mPA isolates. Over 90% of strains displayed synergistic (31.7%, FICI ≤0.5) or additive (61.0%, 0.5 < FICI ≤1.0) responses to the combination. Time-kill curves showed the combination achieved a ≥ 2 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction and suppressed early bacterial growth at 4-8 h. Single drugs weakly inhibited biofilms, whereas co-treatment sharply lowered biofilm biomass ( Conclusion: Dihydroquercetin synergizes with CAZ against mPA by disrupting biofilm/membrane integrity, repressing quorum-sensing and biofilm-related genes, and remodeling bacterial metabolism. This combination can treat biofilm-associated mPA infections and validates dihydroquercetin as a plant-derived antibiotic adjuvant.
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