Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2026
Systemic-local immune remodeling in colorectal cancer: CD14+ cell-derived cytokine responsiveness, mucosal immune-cell organization, and exploratory metastasis-associated patterns.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune regulatory networks contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, but most clinical studies focus on tissue immune-cell abundance or static inflammatory mediators. We investigated cytokine-response patterns in cultures derived from peripheral-blood CD14+ cells and local immune-cell composition in tumor-adjacent and resection-margin mucosa. Methods: This single-center prospective observational study included 106 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and 20 comparison subjects with non-malignant surgical conditions. Peripheral-blood CD14+ cells were isolated, differentiated with M-CSF, and subjected to sequential LPS stimulation. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 concentrations were measured, and cytokine-response indices were calculated. In CRC patients, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD56+, and CD68+ cell densities were quantified immunohistochemically in paired mucosal compartments. Analyses addressed CRC-associated differences, local immune-cell organization, systemic-local associations, and an exploratory comparison between patients without distant metastases (n = 97) and patients with distant metastases (n = 9). Results: CRC was associated with selective remodeling of IL-1β and IL-6 response indices. Compared with the comparison group, CRC patients showed higher IL-1β post-washout persistence, lower shutdown efficiency and re-induction capacity, and a higher re-stimulation index. IL-6 responses were characterized by lower basal activity but higher basal drift, primary LPS response, and post-washout persistence. The exploratory comparison according to distant metastasis status identified additional differences in selected IL-1β and IL-6 indices, however, these findings are limited by the small number of patients with distant metastases. Locally, CD20+ cells were enriched in tumor-adjacent mucosa, whereas CD68+ cells were enriched in resection-margin mucosa. Matched immune-cell densities were positively correlated across compartments. The strongest systemic-local association was an inverse correlation between MCP-1 primary LPS response and CD68+ cell density in tumor-adjacent mucosa. Conclusions: CRC is associated with altered cytokine responsiveness in M-CSF-differentiated cultures derived from blood CD14+ cells and with compartment-specific mucosal immune-cell organization. The observed systemic-local associations suggest partial coupling between these experimental and tissue-level immune features. Exploratory metastasis-associated patterns were identified but require validation in larger, adequately powered cohorts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.